Smartt U. - Criminal Justice

Criminal Justice

Smartt U.

ISBN: 1412907071
Vydavatelství: Sage
Rok vydání: 2006
Dostupnost: Na objednávku

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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Criminal Process of England and Wales
The main aim of this section is to promote greater understanding of the criminal justice system as a whole. You will learn to understand how the criminal law operates in practice by looking at the various agencies involved in the criminal process – such as the police, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) and the criminal courts. By looking at the stages, agencies and decision-making processes within the English criminal justice system, you will learn to understand how the various agencies work (or don’t work) together. The criminal process of England and Wales is essentially adversarial in nature. You will find the terms ‘adversarial’ and ‘inquisitorial’ in your textbooks (the latter defines the Continental European Criminal Justice system). Their meanings cannot simply or precisely be defined. But these terminologies reflect particular historical developments rather than the practices of modern legal systems. In broad terms, adversarial justice (England) refers to the common!
law system of conducting proceedings in which the parties have the primary responsibility for defining the issues in dispute and for investigating and advancing the dispute (not the judge – as in France or Germany). An adversarial criminal justice system offers a ‘party prosecution’ of a dispute under the common law system; this means that parties (i.e. the Crown Prosecutor and Defence Lawyer) present the facts to the court. The term ‘inquisitorial’ refers to civil code systems (e.g. Spain or Greece) in which the ‘inquisitorial’ judge has such primary responsibility.

Core areas

· Structure and organisation of the criminal justice system: an overview.
· The criminal justice agencies.
· Recent changes in criminal justice policies.
· Fear of crime.
· Race and hate crime.

Learning outcomes
By the end of this section you should be able to:

* recognise and demonstrate and awareness of the workings of the criminal justice system and its major criminal justice agencies;
* understand and analyse official crime statistics;
*be aware of penal policies and
*appreciate the public fear of crime phenomenon;
*comprehend the power of the mass media and how crime is represented by the media;
*demonstrate an understanding what is meant by rate and hate crime and be able to give examples in learned debate.

Running Themes
1. Human Rights
2. Fear of Crime
3. Victims of crime (Victimology)
4. Punishment
5. Inequality
6. Globalisation
7. Gender
8. Punishment
9. Crime and the Media